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<article class="Vimdoc VimdocJa">
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<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html" name="usr_24.txt">usr_24.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;<span class="Identifier">Vim version 8.0.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last change: 2006 Jul 23<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inserting quickly<br>
<br>
<br>
When entering text, Vim offers various ways to reduce the number of keystrokes<br>
and avoid typing mistakes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Use Insert mode completion to repeat previously<br>
typed words.&nbsp;&nbsp;Abbreviate long words to short ones.&nbsp;&nbsp;Type characters that<br>
aren't on your keyboard.<br>
<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.1">24.1</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Making corrections<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.2">24.2</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Showing matches<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.3">24.3</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Completion<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.4">24.4</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Repeating an insert<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.5">24.5</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Copying from another line<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.6">24.6</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Inserting a register<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.7">24.7</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Abbreviations<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.8">24.8</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Entering special characters<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.9">24.9</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Digraphs<br>
<a class="Identifier" href="usr_24.html#24.10">24.10</a>&nbsp;Normal mode commands<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Next chapter:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_25.html">usr_25.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Editing formatted text<br>
&nbsp;Previous chapter:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_23.html">usr_23.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Editing other files<br>
Table of contents:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_toc.html">usr_toc.txt</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.1" name="24.1">24.1</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Making corrections<br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;BS&gt;</span>&nbsp;key was already mentioned.&nbsp;&nbsp;It deletes the character just before the<br>
cursor.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span>&nbsp;key does the same for the character under (after) the<br>
cursor.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; When you typed a whole word wrong, use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-W</span>:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The horse had fallen to the sky</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-W</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The horse had fallen to the</span><br>
<br>
If you really messed up a line and want to start over, use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-U</span>&nbsp;to delete<br>
it.&nbsp;&nbsp;This keeps the text after the cursor and the indent.&nbsp;&nbsp;Only the text from<br>
the first non-blank to the cursor is deleted.&nbsp;&nbsp;With the cursor on the &quot;f&quot; of<br>
&quot;fallen&quot; in the next line pressing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-U</span>&nbsp;does this:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The horse had fallen to the</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-U</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">fallen to the</span><br>
<br>
When you spot a mistake a few words back, you need to move the cursor there to<br>
correct it.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, you typed this:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The horse had follen to the ground</span><br>
<br>
You need to change &quot;follen&quot; to &quot;fallen&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;With the cursor at the end, you<br>
would type this to correct it:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;Esc&gt;4blraA</div>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; get out of Insert mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Esc&gt;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four words back&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4b<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;move on top of the &quot;o&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;replace with &quot;a&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ra<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;restart Insert mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A<br>
<br>
Another way to do this:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;Right&gt;&lt;Del&gt;a&lt;End&gt;</div>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; four words back&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;&lt;C-Left&gt;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;move on top of the &quot;o&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Right&gt;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delete the &quot;o&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;insert an &quot;a&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go to end of the line&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;End&gt;</span><br>
<br>
This uses special keys to move around, while remaining in Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;This<br>
resembles what you would do in a modeless editor.&nbsp;&nbsp;It's easier to remember,<br>
but takes more time (you have to move your hand from the letters to the cursor<br>
keys, and the&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;End&gt;</span>&nbsp;key is hard to press without looking at the keyboard).<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; These special keys are most useful when writing a mapping that doesn't<br>
leave Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;The extra typing doesn't matter then.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; An overview of the keys you can use in Insert mode:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;C-Home&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to start of the file<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;PageUp&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a whole screenful up<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Home&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to start of line<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;S-Left&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one word left<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;C-Left&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one word left<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;S-Right&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; one word right<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;C-Right&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; one word right<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;End&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to end of the line<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;PageDown&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a whole screenful down<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;C-End&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to end of the file<br>
<br>
There are a few more, see&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#ins-special-special">ins-special-special</a>.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.2" name="24.2">24.2</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Showing matches<br>
<br>
When you type a ) it would be nice to see with which ( it matches.&nbsp;&nbsp;To make<br>
Vim do that use this command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:set showmatch</div>
<br>
When you now type a text like &quot;(example)&quot;, as soon as you type the ) Vim will<br>
briefly move the cursor to the matching (, keep it there for half a second,<br>
and move back to where you were typing.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; In case there is no matching (, Vim will beep.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then you know that you<br>
might have forgotten the ( somewhere, or typed a ) too many.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; The match will also be shown for [] and {} pairs.&nbsp;&nbsp;You don't have to wait<br>
with typing the next character, as soon as Vim sees it the cursor will move<br>
back and inserting continues as before.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; You can change the time Vim waits with the&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'matchtime'">'matchtime'</a>&nbsp;option.&nbsp;&nbsp;For<br>
example, to make Vim wait one and a half second:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:set matchtime=15</div>
<br>
The time is specified in tenths of a second.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.3" name="24.3">24.3</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Completion<br>
<br>
Vim can automatically complete words on insertion.&nbsp;&nbsp;You type the first part of<br>
a word, press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>, and Vim guesses the rest.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Suppose, for example, that you are creating a C program and want to type in<br>
the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] + ch_array[2];</span><br>
<br>
You start by entering the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">total = ch_array[0] + ch_</span><br>
<br>
At this point, you tell Vim to complete the word using the command&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>.<br>
Vim searches for a word that starts with what's in front of the cursor.&nbsp;&nbsp;In<br>
this case, it is &quot;ch_&quot;, which matches with the word ch_array.&nbsp;&nbsp;So typing<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;gives you the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">total = ch_array[0] + ch_array</span><br>
<br>
After a little more typing, you get this (ending in a space):<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] +&nbsp;</span><br>
<br>
If you now type&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;Vim will search again for a word that completes the<br>
word before the cursor.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since there is nothing in front of the cursor, it<br>
finds the first word backwards, which is &quot;ch_array&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Typing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;again<br>
gives you the next word that matches, in this case &quot;total&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;A third&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span><br>
searches further back.&nbsp;&nbsp;If there is nothing else, it causes the editor to run<br>
out of words, so it returns to the original text, which is nothing.&nbsp;&nbsp;A fourth<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;causes the editor to start over again with &quot;ch_array&quot;.<br>
<br>
To search forward, use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the search wraps around the end of the<br>
file,&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;will find the same matches, but in a different<br>
sequence.&nbsp;&nbsp;Hint:&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>&nbsp;is Next-match and&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;is Previous-match.<br>
<br>
The Vim editor goes through a lot of effort to find words to complete.&nbsp;&nbsp;By<br>
default, it searches the following places:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Current file<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Files in other windows<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Other loaded files (hidden buffers)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Files which are not loaded (inactive buffers)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. Tag files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. All files #included by the current file<br>
<br>
<br>
OPTIONS<br>
<br>
You can customize the search order with the&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'complete'">'complete'</a>&nbsp;option.<br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'ignorecase'">'ignorecase'</a>&nbsp;option is used.&nbsp;&nbsp;When it is set, case differences are ignored<br>
when searching for matches.<br>
<br>
A special option for completion is&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'infercase'">'infercase'</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is useful to find<br>
matches while ignoring case (<a class="Type" href="options.html#'ignorecase'">'ignorecase'</a>&nbsp;must be set) but still using the<br>
case of the word typed so far.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus if you type &quot;For&quot; and Vim finds a match<br>
&quot;fortunately&quot;, it will result in &quot;Fortunately&quot;.<br>
<br>
<br>
COMPLETING SPECIFIC ITEMS<br>
<br>
If you know what you are looking for, you can use these commands to complete<br>
with a certain type of item:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-F</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; file names<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-L</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; whole lines<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-D</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; macro definitions (also in included files)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-I</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; current and included files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-K</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; words from a dictionary<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-T</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; words from a thesaurus<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tags<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vim command line<br>
<br>
After each of them&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>&nbsp;can be used to find the next match,&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>&nbsp;to find<br>
the previous match.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; More information for each of these commands here:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#ins-completion">ins-completion</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
COMPLETING FILE NAMES<br>
<br>
Let's take&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-F</span>&nbsp;as an example.&nbsp;&nbsp;This will find file names.&nbsp;&nbsp;It scans<br>
the current directory for files and displays each one that matches the word in<br>
front of the cursor.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Suppose, for example, that you have the following files in the current<br>
directory:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;main.c&nbsp;&nbsp;sub_count.c&nbsp;&nbsp;sub_done.c&nbsp;&nbsp;sub_exit.c<br>
<br>
Now enter Insert mode and start typing:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The exit code is in the file sub</span><br>
<br>
At this point, you enter the command&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-F</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Vim now completes the<br>
current word &quot;sub&quot; by looking at the files in the current directory.&nbsp;&nbsp;The<br>
first match is sub_count.c.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is not the one you want, so you match the<br>
next file by typing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This match is sub_done.c.&nbsp;&nbsp;Typing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>&nbsp;again<br>
takes you to sub_exit.c.&nbsp;&nbsp;The results:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">The exit code is in the file sub_exit.c</span><br>
<br>
If the file name starts with / (Unix) or C:\ (MS-Windows) you can find all<br>
files in the file system.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, type &quot;/u&quot; and&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-F</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This<br>
will match &quot;/usr&quot; (this is on Unix):<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">the file is found in /usr/</span><br>
<br>
If you now press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-N</span>&nbsp;you go back to &quot;/u&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead, to accept the &quot;/usr/&quot;<br>
and go one directory level deeper, use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-F</span>&nbsp;again:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">the file is found in /usr/X11R6/</span><br>
<br>
The results depend on what is found in your file system, of course.&nbsp;&nbsp;The<br>
matches are sorted alphabetically.<br>
<br>
<br>
COMPLETING IN SOURCE CODE<br>
<br>
Source code files are well structured.&nbsp;&nbsp;That makes it possible to do<br>
completion in an intelligent way.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Vim this is called Omni completion.&nbsp;&nbsp;In<br>
some other editors it's called intellisense, but that is a trademark.<br>
<br>
The key to Omni completion is&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Obviously the O stands for Omni<br>
here, so that you can remember it easier.&nbsp;&nbsp;Let's use an example for editing C<br>
source:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">{</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">struct foo *p;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">p-&gt;</span><br>
<br>
The cursor is after &quot;p-&gt;&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now type&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-X</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Vim will offer you a list<br>
of alternatives, which are the items that &quot;struct foo&quot; contains.&nbsp;&nbsp;That is<br>
quite different from using&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-P</span>, which would complete any word, while only<br>
members of &quot;struct foo&quot; are valid here.<br>
<br>
For Omni completion to work you may need to do some setup.&nbsp;&nbsp;At least make sure<br>
filetype plugins are enabled.&nbsp;&nbsp;Your vimrc file should contain a line like<br>
this:<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;filetype plugin on</div>
Or:<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;filetype plugin indent on</div>
<br>
For C code you need to create a tags file and set the&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'tags'">'tags'</a>&nbsp;option.&nbsp;&nbsp;That is<br>
explained&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#ft-c-omni">ft-c-omni</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;For other filetypes you may need to do something<br>
similar, look below&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="insert.html#compl-omni-filetypes">compl-omni-filetypes</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It only works for specific<br>
filetypes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Check the value of the&nbsp;<a class="Type" href="options.html#'omnifunc'">'omnifunc'</a>&nbsp;option to find out if it would<br>
work.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.4" name="24.4">24.4</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Repeating an insert<br>
<br>
If you press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-A</span>, the editor inserts the text you typed the last time you<br>
were in Insert mode.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Assume, for example, that you have a file that begins with the following:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">&quot;file.h&quot;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">/* Main program begins */</span><br>
<br>
You edit this file by inserting &quot;#include &quot; at the beginning of the first<br>
line:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#include &quot;file.h&quot;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">/* Main program begins */</span><br>
<br>
You go down to the beginning of the next line using the commands &quot;j^&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;You<br>
now start to insert a new &quot;#include&quot; line.&nbsp;&nbsp;So you type:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i CTRL-A</div>
<br>
The result is as follows:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#include &quot;file.h&quot;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#include /* Main program begins */</span><br>
<br>
The &quot;#include &quot; was inserted because&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-A</span>&nbsp;inserts the text of the previous<br>
insert.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now you type&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;main.h&quot;<span class="Special">&lt;Enter&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;to finish the line:<br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#include &quot;file.h&quot;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">#include &quot;main.h&quot;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">/* Main program begins */</span><br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-@</span>&nbsp;command does a&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-A</span>&nbsp;and then exits Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;That's a quick<br>
way of doing exactly the same insertion again.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.5" name="24.5">24.5</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Copying from another line<br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Y</span>&nbsp;command inserts the character above the cursor.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is useful<br>
when you are duplicating a previous line.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, you have this line of<br>
C code:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_next = a_array[i]-&gt;s_next;</span><br>
<br>
Now you need to type the same line, but with &quot;s_prev&quot; instead of &quot;s_next&quot;.<br>
Start the new line, and press&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Y</span>&nbsp;14 times, until you are at the &quot;n&quot; of<br>
&quot;next&quot;:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_next = a_array[i]-&gt;s_next;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_</span><br>
<br>
Now you type &quot;prev&quot;:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_next = a_array[i]-&gt;s_next;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_prev</span><br>
<br>
Continue pressing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Y</span>&nbsp;until the following &quot;next&quot;:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_next = a_array[i]-&gt;s_next;</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">b_array[i]-&gt;s_prev = a_array[i]-&gt;s_</span><br>
<br>
Now type &quot;prev;&quot; to finish it off.<br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-E</span>&nbsp;command acts like&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Y</span>&nbsp;except it inserts the character below the<br>
cursor.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.6" name="24.6">24.6</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Inserting a register<br>
<br>
The command&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">{register}</span>&nbsp;inserts the contents of the register.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is<br>
useful to avoid having to type a long word.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, you need to type<br>
this:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">r = VeryLongFunction(a) + VeryLongFunction(b) + VeryLongFunction(c)</span><br>
<br>
The function name is defined in a different file.&nbsp;&nbsp;Edit that file and move the<br>
cursor on top of the function name there, and yank it into register v:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;vyiw</div>
<br>
&quot;v is the register specification, &quot;yiw&quot; is yank-inner-word.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now edit the file<br>
where the new line is to be inserted, and type the first letters:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">r =</span><br>
<br>
Now use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>&nbsp;v to insert the function name:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">r = VeryLongFunction</span><br>
<br>
You continue to type the characters in between the function name, and use<br>
<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>&nbsp;v two times more.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; You could have done the same with completion.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using a register is useful<br>
when there are many words that start with the same characters.<br>
<br>
If the register contains characters such as&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;BS&gt;</span>&nbsp;or other special characters,<br>
they are interpreted as if they had been typed from the keyboard.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you do<br>
not want this to happen (you really want the&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;BS&gt;</span>&nbsp;to be inserted in the text),<br>
use the command&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-R</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">{register}</span>.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.7" name="24.7">24.7</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Abbreviations<br>
<br>
An abbreviation is a short word that takes the place of a long one.&nbsp;&nbsp;For<br>
example, &quot;ad&quot; stands for &quot;advertisement&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Vim enables you to type an<br>
abbreviation and then will automatically expand it for you.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; To tell Vim to expand &quot;ad&quot; into &quot;advertisement&quot; every time you insert it,<br>
use the following command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:iabbrev ad advertisement</div>
<br>
Now, when you type &quot;ad&quot;, the whole word &quot;advertisement&quot; will be inserted into<br>
the text.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is triggered by typing a character that can't be part of a<br>
word, for example a space:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What Is Entered&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; What You See<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">I saw the a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I saw the a</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">I saw the ad&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I saw the ad</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">I saw the ad&lt;Space&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I saw the advertisement&lt;Space&gt;</span><br>
<br>
The expansion doesn't happen when typing just &quot;ad&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;That allows you to type a<br>
word like &quot;add&quot;, which will not get expanded.&nbsp;&nbsp;Only whole words are checked<br>
for abbreviations.<br>
<br>
<br>
ABBREVIATING SEVERAL WORDS<br>
<br>
It is possible to define an abbreviation that results in multiple words.&nbsp;&nbsp;For<br>
example, to define &quot;JB&quot; as &quot;Jack Benny&quot;, use the following command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:iabbrev JB Jack Benny</div>
<br>
As a programmer, I use two rather unusual abbreviations:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:iabbrev #b /****************************************<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:iabbrev #e &lt;Space&gt;****************************************/</div>
<br>
These are used for creating boxed comments.&nbsp;&nbsp;The comment starts with #b, which<br>
draws the top line.&nbsp;&nbsp;I then type the comment text and use #e to draw the<br>
bottom line.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Notice that the #e abbreviation begins with a space.&nbsp;&nbsp;In other words, the<br>
first two characters are space-star.&nbsp;&nbsp;Usually Vim ignores spaces between the<br>
abbreviation and the expansion.&nbsp;&nbsp;To avoid that problem, I spell space as seven<br>
characters: &lt;, S, p, a, c, e, &gt;.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Todo">Note</span>:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;:iabbrev&quot; is a long word to type.&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;:iab&quot; works just as well.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That's abbreviating the abbreviate command!<br>
<br>
<br>
FIXING TYPING MISTAKES<br>
<br>
It's very common to make the same typing mistake every time.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example,<br>
typing &quot;teh&quot; instead of &quot;the&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can fix this with an abbreviation:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:abbreviate teh the</div>
<br>
You can add a whole list of these.&nbsp;&nbsp;Add one each time you discover a common<br>
mistake.<br>
<br>
<br>
LISTING ABBREVIATIONS<br>
<br>
The &quot;:abbreviate&quot; command lists the abbreviations:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:abbreviate<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i&nbsp;&nbsp;#e&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ****************************************/<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i&nbsp;&nbsp;#b&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/****************************************<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i&nbsp;&nbsp;JB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jack Benny<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i&nbsp;&nbsp;ad&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;advertisement<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;!&nbsp;&nbsp;teh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the<br>
<br>
The &quot;i&quot; in the first column indicates Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;These abbreviations are<br>
only active in Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;Other possible characters are:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Command-line mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; :cabbrev<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; both Insert and Command-line mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; :abbreviate<br>
<br>
Since abbreviations are not often useful in Command-line mode, you will mostly<br>
use the &quot;:iabbrev&quot; command.&nbsp;&nbsp;That avoids, for example, that &quot;ad&quot; gets expanded<br>
when typing a command like:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:edit ad</div>
<br>
<br>
DELETING ABBREVIATIONS<br>
<br>
To get rid of an abbreviation, use the &quot;:unabbreviate&quot; command.&nbsp;&nbsp;Suppose you<br>
have the following abbreviation:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:abbreviate @f fresh</div>
<br>
You can remove it with this command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:unabbreviate @f</div>
<br>
While you type this, you will notice that @f is expanded to &quot;fresh&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't<br>
worry about this, Vim understands it anyway (except when you have an<br>
abbreviation for &quot;fresh&quot;, but that's very unlikely).<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; To remove all the abbreviations:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:abclear</div>
<br>
&quot;:unabbreviate&quot; and &quot;:abclear&quot; also come in the variants for Insert mode<br>
(&quot;:iunabbreviate and &quot;:iabclear&quot;) and Command-line mode (&quot;:cunabbreviate&quot; and<br>
&quot;:cabclear&quot;).<br>
<br>
<br>
REMAPPING ABBREVIATIONS<br>
<br>
There is one thing to watch out for when defining an abbreviation: The<br>
resulting string should not be mapped.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:abbreviate @a adder<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:imap dd disk-door</div>
<br>
When you now type @a, you will get &quot;adisk-doorer&quot;.&nbsp;&nbsp;That's not what you want.<br>
To avoid this, use the &quot;:noreabbrev&quot; command.&nbsp;&nbsp;It does the same as<br>
&quot;:abbreviate&quot;, but avoids that the resulting string is used for mappings:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:noreabbrev @a adder</div>
<br>
Fortunately, it's unlikely that the result of an abbreviation is mapped.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.8" name="24.8">24.8</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Entering special characters<br>
<br>
The&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;command is used to insert the next character literally.&nbsp;&nbsp;In other<br>
words, any special meaning the character has, it will be ignored.&nbsp;&nbsp;For<br>
example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V &lt;Esc&gt;</div>
<br>
Inserts an escape character.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus you don't leave Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;(Don't type<br>
the space after&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>, it's only to make this easier to read).<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Todo">Note</span>:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On MS-Windows&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;is used to paste text.&nbsp;&nbsp;Use&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Q</span>&nbsp;instead of<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;On Unix, on the other hand,&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-Q</span>&nbsp;does not work on some<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;terminals, because it has a special meaning.<br>
<br>
You can also use the command&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">{digits}</span>&nbsp;to insert a character with the<br>
decimal number&nbsp;<span class="Special">{digits}</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, the character number 127 is the&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span><br>
character (but not necessarily the&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span>&nbsp;key!).&nbsp;&nbsp;To insert&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Del&gt;</span>&nbsp;type:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V 127</div>
<br>
You can enter characters up to 255 this way.&nbsp;&nbsp;When you type fewer than two<br>
digits, a non-digit will terminate the command.&nbsp;&nbsp;To avoid the need of typing a<br>
non-digit, prepend one or two zeros to make three digits.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; All the next commands insert a&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Tab&gt;</span>&nbsp;and then a dot:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;9.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;09.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;009.<br>
<br>
To enter a character in hexadecimal, use an &quot;x&quot; after the&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V x7f</div>
<br>
This also goes up to character 255 (<span class="Special">CTRL-V</span>&nbsp;xff).&nbsp;&nbsp;You can use &quot;o&quot; to type a<br>
character as an octal number and two more methods allow you to type up to<br>
a 16 bit and a 32 bit number (e.g., for a Unicode character):<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V o123<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V u1234<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-V U12345678</div>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.9" name="24.9">24.9</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Digraphs<br>
<br>
Some characters are not on the keyboard.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, the copyright character<br>
(?).&nbsp;&nbsp;To type these characters in Vim, you use digraphs, where two characters<br>
represent one.&nbsp;&nbsp;To enter a ?, for example, you press three keys:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-K Co</div>
<br>
To find out what digraphs are available, use the following command:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:digraphs</div>
<br>
Vim will display the digraph table.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are three lines of it:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">AC ~_ 159&nbsp;&nbsp;NS |&nbsp;&nbsp;160&nbsp;&nbsp;!I ?&nbsp;&nbsp;161&nbsp;&nbsp;Ct ?&nbsp;&nbsp;162&nbsp;&nbsp;Pd ?&nbsp;&nbsp;163&nbsp;&nbsp;Cu ?&nbsp;&nbsp;164&nbsp;&nbsp;Ye ?&nbsp;&nbsp;165</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">BB ?&nbsp;&nbsp;166&nbsp;&nbsp;SE ?&nbsp;&nbsp;167&nbsp;&nbsp;': ?&nbsp;&nbsp;168&nbsp;&nbsp;Co ?&nbsp;&nbsp;169&nbsp;&nbsp;-a ?&nbsp;&nbsp;170&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;&lt; ?&nbsp;&nbsp;171&nbsp;&nbsp;NO ?&nbsp;&nbsp;172</span><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="PreProc">-- ?&nbsp;&nbsp;173&nbsp;&nbsp;Rg ?&nbsp;&nbsp;174&nbsp;&nbsp;'m ?&nbsp;&nbsp;175&nbsp;&nbsp;DG ?&nbsp;&nbsp;176&nbsp;&nbsp;+- ?&nbsp;&nbsp;177&nbsp;&nbsp;2S ?&nbsp;&nbsp;178&nbsp;&nbsp;3S ?&nbsp;&nbsp;179</span><br>
<br>
This shows, for example, that the digraph you get by typing&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-K</span>&nbsp;Pd is the<br>
character (?).&nbsp;&nbsp;This is character number 163 (decimal).<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Pd is short for Pound.&nbsp;&nbsp;Most digraphs are selected to give you a hint about<br>
the character they will produce.&nbsp;&nbsp;If you look through the list you will<br>
understand the logic.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; You can exchange the first and second character, if there is no digraph for<br>
that combination.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-K</span>&nbsp;dP also works.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since there is no digraph for<br>
&quot;dP&quot; Vim will also search for a &quot;Pd&quot; digraph.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="Todo">Note</span>:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The digraphs depend on the character set that Vim assumes you are<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;using.&nbsp;&nbsp;On MS-DOS they are different from MS-Windows.&nbsp;&nbsp;Always use<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;:digraphs&quot; to find out which digraphs are currently available.<br>
<br>
You can define your own digraphs.&nbsp;&nbsp;Example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:digraph a&quot; ?</div>
<br>
This defines that&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-K</span>&nbsp;a&quot; inserts an ? character.&nbsp;&nbsp;You can also specify the<br>
character with a decimal number.&nbsp;&nbsp;This defines the same digraph:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:digraph a&quot; 228</div>
<br>
More information about digraphs here:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="digraph.html#digraphs">digraphs</a><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Another way to insert special characters is with a keymap.&nbsp;&nbsp;More about that<br>
here:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_45.html#45.5">45.5</a><br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<a class="Constant" href="usr_24.html#24.10" name="24.10">24.10</a>&nbsp;Normal mode commands<br>
<br>
Insert mode offers a limited number of commands.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Normal mode you have many<br>
more.&nbsp;&nbsp;When you want to use one, you usually leave Insert mode with&nbsp;<span class="Special">&lt;Esc&gt;</span>,<br>
execute the Normal mode command, and re-enter Insert mode with &quot;i&quot; or &quot;a&quot;.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; There is a quicker way.&nbsp;&nbsp;With&nbsp;<span class="Special">CTRL-O</span>&nbsp;<span class="Special">{command}</span>&nbsp;you can execute any Normal<br>
mode command from Insert mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, to delete from the cursor to the<br>
end of the line:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-O D</div>
<br>
You can execute only one Normal mode command this way.&nbsp;&nbsp;But you can specify a<br>
register or a count.&nbsp;&nbsp;A more complicated example:<br>
<br>
<div class="helpExample">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CTRL-O &quot;g3dw</div>
<br>
This deletes up to the third word into register g.<br>
<br>
<span class="PreProc">==============================================================================</span><br>
<br>
Next chapter:&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_25.html">usr_25.txt</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Editing formatted text<br>
<br>
Copyright: see&nbsp;<a class="Identifier" href="usr_01.html#manual-copyright">manual-copyright</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:<br>
</div>

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